A one-way confidentiality agreement, or a unilateral non-disclosure agreement (NDA), is a legal contract that is used to protect sensitive information when disclosed by one party to another. 

The main purpose of this agreement is to ensure that the receiving party does not reveal or use the information for any purpose other than what is agreed upon. 

It is particularly beneficial when only one party is sharing confidential data, such as during business negotiations or when revealing a new idea. It provides a clear legal framework that outlines the obligations of the receiving party, helping to safeguard the discloser's proprietary information or trade secrets. 

A one-way confidentiality agreement instils trust between parties and can prevent the misuse or unauthorised dissemination of confidential information, which could otherwise lead to competitive harm or loss of business advantage.